The National Railway Museum has acquired and digitised a newly-discovered archive from Leonard Raisbeck, a largely forgotten early railway pioneer.

Raisbeck was an influential figure in the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world’s first public railway. He suggested that the new venture should be a railway, a new technology at the time, rather than a canal.

Born in Stockton-on-Tees in 1773, solicitor Leonard Raisbeck played an important role in planning and organising the new railway. He worked closely with chief financial backer Edward Pease and famous engineer George Stephenson, but has not been remembered to the extent that his more well-known counterparts have.

The collection of 258 documents has never been available for public viewing before. Following a major project, it becomes the museum’s first archive to be fully digitised, giving people free access to every page (front and back), online. It is only the second large archive in the Science Museum Group to be fully digitised, after the papers of Charles Babbage.

The project involved museum staff and volunteers (including volunteers from the Friends of the Stockton and Darlington Railway) who spent nearly three hundred hours transcribing more than fifty thousand words. The results were made available on the Group’s Collections Online website from 14 April – the 250^th anniversary of Raisbeck’s birth.

The archive includes letters sent from him and the railway’s backers, surveys of the local coal interests, and printed pamphlets detailing the politics surrounding the project. It also documents a major rift with the Pease family and his resignation from the railway in 1828, objecting to an extension of the line to Middlesborough.

The Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825 to transport coal to market. It was an important stepping stone in the industrial development of the North East and the development of the railways. The story of the North East’s relationship to coal and its significance will feature in Locomotion’s New Hall which opens at the end of the year.

The archive catalogue can be viewed here.

Tania Parker, Alison Kay, Debbie Thompson, Peter Bainbridge, Raisbeck Archive Locomotion // Credit: National Railway MuseumTania Parker, Associate Archivist at the National Railway Museum, who led the project, said: “These documents are tremendously important and give us a rare, first-hand account into the creation of the Stockton and Darlington Railway. We want people to use the archive to discover things for themselves, whether finding out about their local area or shedding new light on aspects of railway history. As the bicentenary of the railway approaches in 2025, this archive provides a fascinating snapshot into the early days of the railways and thanks to the efforts of our volunteers, we can now share these online for everyone to see.”

Deborah Thompson, a relative of Leonard Raisbeck, visited Locomotion in Shildon, which is close to the site of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, to find out more about the project. She said: “It was such an honour and a privilege to be able to assist with this project and to read documents which were written and signed by my ancestors going back to the 1700s. I believe that to understand Leonard Raisbeck, you need to understand his position in 19^th Century society, and it was wonderful to be able to help the team from the National Railway Museum with family background and information.”